Which health condition is identified with both asthma and lung cancer as associated with urban industrial workforce expansion?

• A. Asthma
• B. Lung Cancer
• C. Both Asthma and Lung Cancer
• D. None

Answer: (C)

Urban industrial workforce expansion exposes people to a mix of pollutants and occupational hazards that can drive both airway inflammation and cancer. Substances like particulate matter, chemical irritants, and diesel exhaust irritate the airways, promoting chronic inflammation and hyperresponsiveness that underlie asthma. At the same time, many of these exposures are carcinogenic or cause DNA damage in lung tissue, increasing the risk of lung cancer. Because the same environment can contribute to both conditions, the best answer reflects their shared association. Asthma alone wouldn’t capture the cancer risk, and lung cancer alone wouldn’t reflect the inflammatory airway disease aspect.